	
{"id":768,"date":"2024-09-25T09:25:52","date_gmt":"2024-09-25T09:25:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/biblioconf.lpgp.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/wordpress\/?page_id=768"},"modified":"2024-11-12T15:42:51","modified_gmt":"2024-11-12T15:42:51","slug":"systemes-quantiques-libres-correles","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.lpgp-wp1.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/fr\/systemes-quantiques-libres-correles\/","title":{"rendered":"Syst\u00e8mes quantiques libres corr\u00e9l\u00e9s"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:300\">SYST\u00c8MES QUANTIQUES LIBRES CORR\u00c9L\u00c9S<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-lightgrey-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-lightgrey-background-color has-background\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-style-default has-light-background-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-3 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"padding-top:60px;padding-bottom:60px;padding-left:0\">\n<p class=\"has-secondary-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-c1df0d167aa7c9c3cbac0dcffe3d7cc7\"><strong>CONTACT&nbsp;: JACQUES ROBERT<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A &#8211; Atomes en interaction avec une nano-fibre optique<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Cette activit\u00e9 se d\u00e9roule dans le cadre d\u2019une collaboration avec le groupe de Sile Nic Chormaic \u00e0 OIST (Okinawa) et de Etienne Brion, LCAR (Toulouse).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Un atome, et son spectre d\u2019\u00e9tats, est toujours en interaction avec son environnement \u00e9lectromagn\u00e9tique que ce soit le champ du vide ou le champ d\u2019un laser par exemple, cette interaction est fortement d\u00e9pendante des conditions aux limites qui fa\u00e7onnent la structure spatiale du champ \u00e9lectromagn\u00e9tique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"524\" src=\"https:\/\/biblioconf.lpgp.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/0966d03b-7509-489e-8f2b-2c53ada412c0.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-769\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lpgp-wp1.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/0966d03b-7509-489e-8f2b-2c53ada412c0.png 768w, https:\/\/www.lpgp-wp1.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/0966d03b-7509-489e-8f2b-2c53ada412c0-300x205.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Interaction entre les dip\u00f4les deux atomes par la matrice de transfert T qui peut se d\u00e9composer en interaction directe via les modes du vide de l\u2019espace libre et interaction via les modes de la fibre. (Erwan Stourm th\u00e8se de doctorat d\u00e9cembre 2020)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Les atomes interagissent&nbsp;<em>via<\/em>&nbsp;le champ \u00e9lectromagn\u00e9tique qui les entoure et il est possible de privil\u00e9gier certains modes de ce champ en pla\u00e7ant ces atomes \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 d\u2019une fibre optique. Ceci permet de distinguer les \u00e9changes directs entre les atomes et ceux qui ont lieu \u00e0 travers des modes du champ de la fibre. Le champ de la fibre peut \u00eatre dans l\u2019 \u00e9tat du vide ou dans un \u00e9tat cr\u00e9\u00e9 par un champ laser. Cela pourrait rendre d\u00e9tectable la pr\u00e9sence des atomes au voisinage de la fibre<em>&nbsp;via<\/em>&nbsp;la perturbation li\u00e9e \u00e0 ce champ laser.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-content-justification-center is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-1 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"517\" src=\"https:\/\/biblioconf.lpgp.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/8d9fb730-836f-4694-8e44-bad30cff2d0b.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-770\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lpgp-wp1.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/8d9fb730-836f-4694-8e44-bad30cff2d0b.png 768w, https:\/\/www.lpgp-wp1.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/8d9fb730-836f-4694-8e44-bad30cff2d0b-300x202.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Afin de faciliter l\u2019interpr\u00e9tation des exp\u00e9riences, il est pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable que les atomes \u00e9tudi\u00e9s soient hautement excit\u00e9s (des atomes de Rydberg), car tr\u00e8s r\u00e9actifs au champ \u00e9lectromagn\u00e9tique, et que ces atomes soient le plus immobiles possibles. Ainsi, des atomes froids sont plac\u00e9s \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 d\u2019une fibre dont le champ est tr\u00e8s exalt\u00e9 par exemple celui d\u2019une nanofibre. Suivant le sch\u00e9ma pr\u00e9c\u00e9demment d\u00e9crit, on a l\u2019\u00e9bauche d\u2019un syst\u00e8me permettant de stocker l\u2019information entre atomes de mani\u00e8re globale et modulable au travers de leur interaction avec une fibre ou avec plusieurs fibres qui peuvent \u00e9changer de l\u2019information via les atomes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">B &#8211; Atomes d\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne en interaction et paires ioniques<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>On a montr\u00e9 qu\u2019il \u00e9tait possible d\u2019obtenir des paires d\u2019atomes jumeaux chacun dans l\u2019\u00e9tat H(2S) par dissociation d\u2019une mol\u00e9cule d\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne. La dynamique pr\u00e9cise de la dissociation est tr\u00e8s d\u00e9licate \u00e0 suivre et \u00e0 contr\u00f4ler. Une approche compl\u00e9mentaire \u00e0 ce type de dynamique consiste \u00e0 suivre les collisions partir d\u2019\u00e9tats libres, c\u2019est \u00e0 dire des collisions entre atomes d\u2019un jet d\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne dont certains sont \u00e9lectriquement excit\u00e9s. En se concentrant sur l\u2019analyse des corr\u00e9lations entre les paires obtenues, on constate que ces paires peuvent \u00eatre neutres, partiellement excit\u00e9es ou bien des ions (e&nbsp;;g. H+ \/ H-), en fonction de l\u2019\u00e9tat d\u2019excitation \u00e9lectronique des deux partenaires de collision.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Atomes jumeaux H(2S) + H(2S):<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Les paires d\u2019atomes jumeaux chacun dans l\u2019\u00e9tat H(2S) obtenues par dissociation par impact \u00e9lectronique d\u2019une mol\u00e9cule d\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne peuvent \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme des paires de type EPR car l\u2019interaction entre les deux atomes est \u00e9crant\u00e9e \u00e0 grande distance. (Collaboration avec l\u2019\u00e9quipe de Ginette Jalbert au LACAM UFRJ Br\u00e9sil)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sur la figure on montre comment on peut se repr\u00e9senter la fragmentation de H<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;par impact \u00e9lectronique en H(2S) + H(nL). Les d\u00e9tecteurs ne sont sensibles qu\u2019aux atomes dans l\u2019\u00e9tat H(2S) aux ions et aux photons FUV. Les spectres repr\u00e9sentent le nombre d\u2019\u00e9v\u00e8nements enregistr\u00e9s en fonction du temps de vol entre le centre de collision et l\u2019un des deux d\u00e9tecteurs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"522\" src=\"https:\/\/biblioconf.lpgp.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/7d08d4d1-2650-4105-9aaf-1eba9cf7d486.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-771 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lpgp-wp1.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/7d08d4d1-2650-4105-9aaf-1eba9cf7d486.png 768w, https:\/\/www.lpgp-wp1.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/7d08d4d1-2650-4105-9aaf-1eba9cf7d486-300x204.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p><em>Axe des x&nbsp;: d\u00e9tecteur 1, axe des y&nbsp;: d\u00e9tecteur 2. Code couleur sur les spectres en densit\u00e9&nbsp;: bleu pas d\u2019\u00e9v\u00e8nements, jaune puis orange nombre d\u2019\u00e9v\u00e9nement croissant. Les spectres du haut repr\u00e9sentent (1) \u00e0 gauche, un signal synth\u00e9tis\u00e9 produit simple des deux spectres de temps de vol obtenus pour chaque d\u00e9tecteur ind\u00e9pendamment tous les \u00e9v\u00e8nements H(2S) + H(1S) ou H(2S) + H(2S) etc,. (2) au centre le signal lorsque les deux d\u00e9tecteurs fonctionnement de mani\u00e8re corr\u00e9l\u00e9e, c\u2019est le signal de co\u00efncidences correspondant uniquement aux \u00e9v\u00e8nements 1 mol\u00e9cule de H<sub>2&nbsp;<\/sub>donne deux atomes de H(2S).&nbsp; (3) \u00e0 droite un signal synth\u00e9tique obtenu en multipliant les deux spectres de temps de vol obtenus ind\u00e9pendamment en introduisant une condition de conservation artificielle de la vitesse du centre de masse du syst\u00e8me<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-2 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p>Si les formes des deux derniers spectres paraissent comparables, on distingue sur la figure du bas que leur intensit\u00e9 ne l\u2019est pas car elle d\u00e9pend de l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 de d\u00e9tection sur chacun des d\u00e9tecteurs qui interviennent diff\u00e9remment dans le cas d\u2019une d\u00e9tection en r\u00e9gime corr\u00e9l\u00e9 ou en r\u00e9gime ind\u00e9pendant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"619\" src=\"https:\/\/biblioconf.lpgp.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/9a8eb393-aa12-4dbe-a730-836f9260ce17.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-772\" style=\"width:511px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lpgp-wp1.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/9a8eb393-aa12-4dbe-a730-836f9260ce17.png 768w, https:\/\/www.lpgp-wp1.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/9a8eb393-aa12-4dbe-a730-836f9260ce17-300x242.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>En bleu&nbsp;: Spectre de temps de vol obtenu pour un seul d\u00e9tecteur On Indique les diff\u00e9rentes contributions possibles au signal enregistr\u00e9.<\/em><br><em>En orange&nbsp;: projection sur ce spectre du signal de co\u00efncidence obtenu avec les deux d\u00e9tecteurs corr\u00e9l\u00e9s. Les \u00e9chelles d\u2019intensit\u00e9 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 ajust\u00e9es pour d\u00e9terminer les largeurs et les temps de vol correspondant \u00e0 ce processus.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Paires Ioniques&nbsp;:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Un des int\u00e9r\u00eats de l\u2019\u00e9tude des paires ioniques (H<sup>+<\/sup>&nbsp;\/ H<sup>&#8211;<\/sup>) provient de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 de l\u2019interaction Coulombienne de se poursuivre sans \u00e9crantage jusqu\u2019\u00e0 l\u2019infini, ce qui fait que les fragments restent toujours en interaction. Ceci permet d\u2019\u00e9tudier des paires quantiquement corr\u00e9l\u00e9es en interaction (paires de Darwin). Notons que ceci les distingue clairement des paires neutres pour lesquelles la corr\u00e9lation quantique n\u2019est pas accompagn\u00e9e d\u2019une interaction \u00e0 longue port\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"523\" src=\"https:\/\/biblioconf.lpgp.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/799f70c1-140d-4eec-8996-668ac9bfa995.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-773\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lpgp-wp1.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/799f70c1-140d-4eec-8996-668ac9bfa995.png 768w, https:\/\/www.lpgp-wp1.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/799f70c1-140d-4eec-8996-668ac9bfa995-300x204.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Molecular processes within a cold beam of hydrogen atoms with laser irradiation<\/em><br><em>Left to Right, Dissociation, Molecular Initial State: H<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;(<sup>a<\/sup>\u039b<sub>b<\/sub>&nbsp;)-&gt;H(n,l)+H(n\u2019,l\u2019)<\/em><br><em>Right to Left, Association,:Atomic Initial States&nbsp;&nbsp; H(n,l)+H(n\u2019,l\u2019) -&gt; H<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;(<sup>a<\/sup>\u039b<sub>b<\/sub>&nbsp;)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"412\" src=\"https:\/\/biblioconf.lpgp.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/ba9d45c3-d709-4e93-a944-2a666a38a864.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-774 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lpgp-wp1.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/ba9d45c3-d709-4e93-a944-2a666a38a864.png 768w, https:\/\/www.lpgp-wp1.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/ba9d45c3-d709-4e93-a944-2a666a38a864-300x161.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p>Pour ces syst\u00e8mes ioniques, il est ais\u00e9 d\u2019agir avec un champ \u00e9lectrique ou magn\u00e9tique sur les ions r\u00e9sultants et donc d\u2019\u00e9tudier leur re-collision. Sur cet aspect, ces paires se rapprochent des paires ion-\u00e9lectron utilis\u00e9es pour la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019harmoniques d\u2019ordre \u00e9lev\u00e9es dans un champ laser intense. Le cas de la paire H<sup>+<\/sup>&nbsp;\/ H<sup>&#8211;<\/sup>&nbsp;a de plus la particularit\u00e9 d\u2019\u00eatre, tout au moins \u00e0 grande distance et au spin nucl\u00e9aire pr\u00e8s, \u00e9quivalent \u00e0 celui de deux particules sans structure et sans spin \u00e9lectronique, puisque le proton n\u2019a qu\u2019un spin nucl\u00e9aire et que pour l\u2019anion hydrog\u00e8ne le spin nucl\u00e9aire est port\u00e9 par le proton et que ses deux \u00e9lectrons se trouvent dans un seul \u00e9tat \u00e9lectronique stable de sym\u00e9trie S.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Processus Mol\u00e9culaires entre atomes d\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne, formation de paires d\u2019ions par collision&nbsp;:&nbsp;<\/em><em>H(n=2,3,4;l)+H(1s) -&gt; H<sup>+&nbsp;<\/sup>+H<sup>&#8211;<\/sup>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Figure de gauche, en haut&nbsp;: courbes de potentiel adiabatiques, en bas&nbsp;: courbes de potentiel des \u00e9tats excit\u00e9s seuls et surimposition de la courbe d\u2019interaction ionique et des croisements avec les courbes adiabatiques.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Exp\u00e9rimentalement on se propose d\u2019utiliser un jet d\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne atomique dense et aussi froid que possible. Les atomes d\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne sont produits par d\u00e9charge radiofr\u00e9quence ou micro-ondes puis le gaz r\u00e9sultat est refroidi par cryog\u00e9nie. Sous l\u2019effet d\u2019un ou plusieurs lasers les atomes d\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne sont port\u00e9s dans les premiers \u00e9tats \u00e9lectroniques. Pour une excitation directe \u00e0 1 photon, il faut disposer de lasers pouvant produire du rayonnement Lyman (alpha ou b\u00eata) accordables et de faible largeur spectrale. Le verrou principal est celui de l\u2019obtention de rayonnement Lyman alpha (121 nm) suffisamment intense sinon en r\u00e9gime continu, au moins en r\u00e9gime impulsions longues. Quelle que soit le d\u00e9tail de la m\u00e9thode employ\u00e9e, un dispositif de m\u00e9lange de fr\u00e9quence performant est n\u00e9cessaire.&nbsp;La stabilisation des lasers sera r\u00e9alis\u00e9e par peignes optiques (CEPR COMB-IdF et r\u00e9seau <a href=\"https:\/\/www.refimeve.fr\/index.php\/fr\/\">REFIMEVE<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nous \u00e9tudions la possibilit\u00e9 de r\u00e9aliser \u00e0 l\u2019aide d\u2019un plasma cr\u00e9\u00e9 dans un capillaire creux rempli de gaz (hydrog\u00e8ne) soit pour obtenir des jets d\u2019atomes (ions) soit pour g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des harmoniques \u00e0 Lyman alpha.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<main class=\"wp-block-group alignfull site-content has-primary-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"margin-top:0;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--x-large);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--x-large)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-style-default is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div style=\"height:32px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-1 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column has-white-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-06a94d446a877e90ecb6dc782b8b3e42 is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-style:none;border-width:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-white-color has-text-color\">Laboratoire de Physique des Gaz et des Plasmas<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-lightgrey-color has-text-color\">Bat 210, rue Henri Becquerel<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-lightgrey-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-5daebbccfa4d27898699abe0ecd5b8a3\">91405 Orsay Cedex<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-white-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-c45801989bc9dde9a0848efd00d140f9\">T\u00e9l : (33) 01 69 15 72 51<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column has-white-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-380515688759cb6230d5783764742a70 is-layout-flow wp-container-core-column-is-layout-2 wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-style:none;border-width:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-right:155px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:155px\">\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-white-color has-text-color\"><a href=\"https:\/\/biblioconf.lpgp.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/wordpress\/?page_id=95\">Mentions l\u00e9gales<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-white-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-b9300b2891e55e177bf59ea857c6cb51\"><a href=\"https:\/\/biblioconf.lpgp.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/wordpress\/?page_id=92\">Annuaire<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p 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wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"http:\/\/biblioconf.lpgp.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/LOGO_CNRS_BLANC-1024x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-536\" style=\"width:114px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lpgp-wp1.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/LOGO_CNRS_BLANC-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.lpgp-wp1.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/LOGO_CNRS_BLANC-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.lpgp-wp1.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/LOGO_CNRS_BLANC-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.lpgp-wp1.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/LOGO_CNRS_BLANC.png 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"712\" height=\"320\" src=\"http:\/\/biblioconf.lpgp.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Logotype-UPSaclay_BLANC.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-535\" style=\"width:223px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lpgp-wp1.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Logotype-UPSaclay_BLANC.png 712w, https:\/\/www.lpgp-wp1.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Logotype-UPSaclay_BLANC-300x135.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 712px) 100vw, 712px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/main>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>SYST\u00c8MES QUANTIQUES LIBRES CORR\u00c9L\u00c9S CONTACT&nbsp;: JACQUES ROBERT A &#8211; Atomes en interaction avec une nano-fibre optique Cette activit\u00e9 se d\u00e9roule dans le cadre d\u2019une collaboration avec le groupe de Sile Nic Chormaic \u00e0 OIST (Okinawa) et de Etienne Brion, LCAR (Toulouse). Un atome, et son spectre d\u2019\u00e9tats, est toujours en interaction avec son environnement \u00e9lectromagn\u00e9tique &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lpgp-wp1.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/fr\/systemes-quantiques-libres-correles\/\" class=\"more-link\">Lire la suite de<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">\u00ab\u00a0Syst\u00e8mes quantiques libres corr\u00e9l\u00e9s\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_en_post_content":"<!-- wp:heading {\"textAlign\":\"center\",\"level\":1,\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"fontStyle\":\"normal\",\"fontWeight\":\"300\"}}} -->\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:300\">Correlated free quantum systems<\/h1>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator {\"backgroundColor\":\"lightgrey\"} -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-lightgrey-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-lightgrey-background-color has-background\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-style-default\",\"style\":{\"spacing\":{\"padding\":{\"top\":\"60px\",\"left\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"60px\"}}},\"backgroundColor\":\"light-background\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-style-default has-light-background-background-color has-background\" style=\"padding-top:60px;padding-bottom:60px;padding-left:0\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"elements\":{\"link\":{\"color\":{\"text\":\"var:preset|color|secondary\"}}}},\"textColor\":\"secondary\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-secondary-color has-text-color has-link-color\"><strong>CONTACT&nbsp;: JACQUES ROBERT<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A - Atoms interacting with an optical nanofibre<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This activity is part of a collaboration with the group led by Sile Nic Chormaic at OIST (Okinawa) and Etienne Brion, LCAR (Toulouse).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>An atom, and its spectrum of states, is always interacting with its electromagnetic environment, be it the vacuum field or the field of a laser, for example. This interaction is strongly dependent on the boundary conditions that shape the spatial structure of the electromagnetic field.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":769,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img src=\"https:\/\/biblioconf.lpgp.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/0966d03b-7509-489e-8f2b-2c53ada412c0.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-769\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Interaction between two-atom dipoles via <br>the transfer matrix T, which can be broken down into direct interaction <br>via the free-space vacuum modes and interaction via the fibre modes <br>(Erwan Stourm PhD thesis, December 2020).<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Atoms interact via the electromagnetic field that surrounds them and it is possible to focus on certain modes of this field by placing these atoms close to an optical fibre. This makes it possible to distinguish between direct exchanges between atoms and those that take place through modes of the fibre field. The fibre field can be in a vacuum state or in a state created by a laser field. This could make it possible to detect the presence of atoms in the vicinity of the fibre via the perturbation linked to this laser field.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"center\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":770,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img src=\"https:\/\/biblioconf.lpgp.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/8d9fb730-836f-4694-8e44-bad30cff2d0b.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-770\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>To make it easier to interpret the experiments, it is preferable for the atoms being studied to be highly excited (Rydberg atoms), because they are highly reactive to the electromagnetic field, and for these atoms to be as immobile as possible. Cold atoms are therefore placed close to a fibre whose field is very exalted, for example that of a nanofibre. Following the diagram described above, we have the outline of a system enabling information to be stored between atoms in a global and scalable way through their interaction with a fibre or with several fibres which can exchange information via the atoms.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer -->\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">B - Interacting hydrogen atoms and ion pairs<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>It has been shown that it is possible to obtain twin pairs of atoms, each in the H(2S) state, by dissociating a hydrogen molecule. The precise dynamics of dissociation are very difficult to follow and control. A complementary approach to this type of dynamics is to follow collisions from free states, i.e. collisions between atoms in a hydrogen jet, some of which are electrically excited. By focusing on the analysis of the correlations between the pairs obtained, we can see that these pairs can be neutral, partially excited or ions (e.g. H+ \/ H-), depending on the electronic excitation state of the two collision partners.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} -->\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Twin atoms H(2S) + H(2S):<\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Pairs of twin atoms, each in the H(2S) state, obtained by dissociation of a hydrogen molecule by electron impact, can be considered as EPR-type pairs because the interaction between the two atoms is screened at a great distance. (Collaboration with Ginette Jalbert's team at LACAM UFRJ Brazil).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The figure shows the fragmentation of H2 by electronic impact into H(2S) + H(nL). The detectors are only sensitive to atoms in the H(2S) state, to ions and to FUV photons. The spectra represent the number of events recorded as a function of the time of flight between the collision centre and one of the two detectors.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer -->\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:media-text {\"mediaId\":771,\"mediaLink\":\"https:\/\/biblioconf.lpgp.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/wordpress\/?attachment_id=771\",\"mediaType\":\"image\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img src=\"https:\/\/biblioconf.lpgp.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/7d08d4d1-2650-4105-9aaf-1eba9cf7d486.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-771 size-full\"\/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"placeholder\":\"Contenu\u2026\"} -->\n<p>X axis: detector 1, y axis: detector 2. Colour  code on spectra in density: blue no events, yellow then orange  increasing number of events. The spectra at the top represent (1) on the left, a synthesised signal that is the simple product of the two <br>time-of-flight spectra obtained for each detector independently of all the H(2S) + H(1S) or H(2S) + H(2S) etc. events, (2) in the centre, the signal when the two detectors operate in a correlated manner, i.e. the coincidence signal corresponding only to events where 1 H2 molecule gives two H(2S) atoms. (3) on the right, a synthetic signal obtained by multiplying the two time-of-flight spectra obtained independently and introducing an artificial conservation condition for the velocity of the system's centre of mass.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:media-text -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer -->\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Although the shapes of the last two spectra appear comparable, the lower figure shows that their intensity is not, since it depends on the detection efficiency of each of the detectors, which operate differently in the case of correlated or independent detection.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":772,\"width\":\"511px\",\"height\":\"auto\",\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img src=\"https:\/\/biblioconf.lpgp.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/9a8eb393-aa12-4dbe-a730-836f9260ce17.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-772\" style=\"width:511px;height:auto\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">In blue: Time-of-flight spectrum obtained for a single <br>detector Indicates the different possible contributions to the recorded <br>signal.<br>In orange: projection onto this spectrum of the coincidence<br> signal obtained with the two correlated detectors. The intensity scales<br> have been adjusted to determine the widths and times of flight <br>corresponding to this process.<br><br><br><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer -->\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} -->\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ionic Pairs :<\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>One of the advantages of studying ionic pairs (H<sup>+<\/sup> \/ H<sup>-<\/sup>) is that the Coulombian interaction continues without clipping to infinity, meaning that the fragments always remain in interaction. This makes it possible to study quantum-correlated interacting pairs (Darwin pairs). Note that this clearly distinguishes them from neutral pairs, for which the quantum correlation is not accompanied by a long-range interaction.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":773,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img src=\"https:\/\/biblioconf.lpgp.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/799f70c1-140d-4eec-8996-668ac9bfa995.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-773\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Molecular processes within a cold beam of hydrogen atoms with laser irradiation<\/em><br><em>Left to Right, Dissociation, Molecular Initial State: H<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;(<sup>a<\/sup>\u039b<sub>b<\/sub>&nbsp;)-&gt;H(n,l)+H(n\u2019,l\u2019)<\/em><br><em>Right to Left, Association,:Atomic Initial States&nbsp;&nbsp; H(n,l)+H(n\u2019,l\u2019) -&gt; H<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;(<sup>a<\/sup>\u039b<sub>b<\/sub>&nbsp;)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:media-text {\"mediaId\":774,\"mediaLink\":\"https:\/\/biblioconf.lpgp.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/wordpress\/?attachment_id=774\",\"mediaType\":\"image\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img src=\"https:\/\/biblioconf.lpgp.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/ba9d45c3-d709-4e93-a944-2a666a38a864.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-774 size-full\"\/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"placeholder\":\"Contenu\u2026\"} -->\n<p>For these ionic systems, it is easy to apply an electric or magnetic field to the resulting ions and thus study their re-collision. In this respect, these pairs are similar to the ion-electron pairs used to create high-order harmonics in an intense laser field. The case of the H<sup>+<\/sup> \/ H<sup>-<\/sup> pair is also unusual in that, at least at long distances and with respect to nuclear spin, it is equivalent to that of two particles with no structure and no electron spin, since the proton has only one nuclear spin and, in the case of the hydrogen anion, the nuclear spin is carried by the proton and its two electrons are in a single stable electronic state with S symmetry.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:media-text -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>Molecular processes between hydrogen atoms, formation of ion pairs by collision: H(n=2,3,4;l)+H(1s) -&gt; H+ +H-.<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>Figure on the left, top: adiabatic potential curves, bottom: potential curves for excited states alone and overlay of the ion interaction curve and crossings with the adiabatic curves.<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer -->\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Experimentally, we propose to use a jet of atomic hydrogen that is dense and as cold as possible. The hydrogen atoms are produced by radiofrequency or microwave discharge, and the resulting gas is then cooled by cryogenics. Under the effect of one or more lasers, the hydrogen atoms are brought into the first electronic states. For direct 1-photon excitation, we need lasers capable of producing tunable Lyman radiation (alpha or beta) with a narrow spectral range. The main problem is obtaining sufficiently intense alpha Lyman radiation (121 nm), if not in continuous mode, then at least in long-pulse mode. Whatever the details of the method used, a high-performance frequency mixing device is required. The lasers will be stabilised using optical combs (CEPR COMB-IdF and REFIMEVE network).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>We are studying the possibility of using a plasma created in a hollow capillary filled with gas (hydrogen) either to obtain jets of atoms (ions) or to generate alpha Lyman harmonics.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"50px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"tagName\":\"main\",\"metadata\":{\"categories\":[\"featured\"],\"patternName\":\"inspiro\/section-with-text\",\"name\":\"Section with text\"},\"align\":\"full\",\"className\":\"site-content\",\"style\":{\"spacing\":{\"margin\":{\"top\":\"0\"},\"padding\":{\"top\":\"var:preset|spacing|x-large\",\"bottom\":\"var:preset|spacing|x-large\"}}},\"backgroundColor\":\"primary\",\"layout\":{\"inherit\":true,\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<main class=\"wp-block-group alignfull site-content has-primary-background-color has-background\" style=\"margin-top:0;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--x-large);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--x-large)\"><!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-style-default\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"default\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-style-default\"><!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"32px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:32px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns\"><!-- wp:column {\"style\":{\"spacing\":{\"padding\":{\"top\":\"0px\",\"right\":\"0px\",\"bottom\":\"0px\",\"left\":\"0px\"}},\"border\":{\"width\":\"0px\",\"style\":\"none\"},\"elements\":{\"link\":{\"color\":{\"text\":\"var:preset|color|white\"}}}},\"textColor\":\"white\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column has-white-color has-text-color has-link-color\" style=\"border-style:none;border-width:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px\"><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"textColor\":\"white\"} -->\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-white-color has-text-color\">Laboratoire de Physique des Gaz et des Plasmas<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"textColor\":\"lightgrey\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-lightgrey-color has-text-color\">Bat 210, rue Henri Becquerel<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"elements\":{\"link\":{\"color\":{\"text\":\"var:preset|color|lightgrey\"}}}},\"textColor\":\"lightgrey\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-lightgrey-color has-text-color has-link-color\">91405 Orsay Cedex<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"elements\":{\"link\":{\"color\":{\"text\":\"var:preset|color|white\"}}}},\"textColor\":\"white\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-white-color has-text-color has-link-color\">Phone: (33) 01 69 15 72 51<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- 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-->\n<p class=\"has-white-color has-text-color has-link-color\"><a href=\"https:\/\/biblioconf.lpgp.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/wordpress\/?page_id=92\">Directory<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"elements\":{\"link\":{\"color\":{\"text\":\"var:preset|color|white\"}}}},\"textColor\":\"white\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-white-color has-text-color has-link-color\"><a href=\"https:\/\/biblioconf.lpgp.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/wordpress\/?page_id=94\">Contact<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"elements\":{\"link\":{\"color\":{\"text\":\"var:preset|color|white\"}}}},\"textColor\":\"white\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-white-color has-text-color has-link-color\"><a href=\"https:\/\/biblioconf.lpgp.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/wordpress\/?page_id=93\">Access<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"style\":{\"spacing\":{\"padding\":{\"top\":\"0px\",\"right\":\"0px\",\"bottom\":\"0px\",\"left\":\"0px\"}},\"border\":{\"width\":\"0px\",\"style\":\"none\"}}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\" style=\"border-style:none;border-width:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px\"><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"textColor\":\"white\"} -->\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-white-color has-text-color\">SOCIAL NETWORKS<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator {\"className\":\"is-style-wide\",\"backgroundColor\":\"white\"} -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-white-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-white-background-color has-background is-style-wide\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:social-links -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-social-links\"><!-- wp:social-link {\"url\":\"https:\/\/fr.linkedin.com\/company\/l-p-g-p\",\"service\":\"linkedin\"} \/-->\n\n<!-- wp:social-link {\"url\":\"x.com\/@lpgp_idf\",\"service\":\"x\"} \/-->\n\n<!-- wp:social-link {\"url\":\"https:\/\/social.sciences.re\/@lpgp\",\"service\":\"mastodon\"} \/--><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:social-links -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":536,\"width\":\"114px\",\"height\":\"auto\",\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img src=\"http:\/\/biblioconf.lpgp.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/LOGO_CNRS_BLANC-1024x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-536\" style=\"width:114px;height:auto\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":535,\"width\":\"223px\",\"height\":\"auto\",\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img src=\"http:\/\/biblioconf.lpgp.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Logotype-UPSaclay_BLANC.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-535\" style=\"width:223px;height:auto\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/main>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->","_en_post_name":"","_en_post_excerpt":"","_en_post_title":"","_fr_post_content":"<!-- wp:heading {\"textAlign\":\"center\",\"level\":1,\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"fontStyle\":\"normal\",\"fontWeight\":\"300\"}}} -->\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:300\">SYST\u00c8MES QUANTIQUES LIBRES CORR\u00c9L\u00c9S<\/h1>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator {\"backgroundColor\":\"lightgrey\"} -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-lightgrey-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-lightgrey-background-color has-background\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-style-default\",\"style\":{\"spacing\":{\"padding\":{\"top\":\"60px\",\"left\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"60px\"}}},\"backgroundColor\":\"light-background\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-style-default has-light-background-background-color has-background\" style=\"padding-top:60px;padding-bottom:60px;padding-left:0\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"elements\":{\"link\":{\"color\":{\"text\":\"var:preset|color|secondary\"}}}},\"textColor\":\"secondary\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-secondary-color has-text-color has-link-color\"><strong>CONTACT&nbsp;: JACQUES ROBERT<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A - Atomes en interaction avec une nano-fibre optique<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Cette activit\u00e9 se d\u00e9roule dans le cadre d\u2019une collaboration avec le groupe de Sile Nic Chormaic \u00e0 OIST (Okinawa) et de Etienne Brion, LCAR (Toulouse).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Un atome, et son spectre d\u2019\u00e9tats, est toujours en interaction avec son environnement \u00e9lectromagn\u00e9tique que ce soit le champ du vide ou le champ d\u2019un laser par exemple, cette interaction est fortement d\u00e9pendante des conditions aux limites qui fa\u00e7onnent la structure spatiale du champ \u00e9lectromagn\u00e9tique.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":769,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img src=\"https:\/\/biblioconf.lpgp.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/0966d03b-7509-489e-8f2b-2c53ada412c0.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-769\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Interaction entre les dip\u00f4les deux atomes par la matrice de transfert T qui peut se d\u00e9composer en interaction directe via les modes du vide de l\u2019espace libre et interaction via les modes de la fibre. (Erwan Stourm th\u00e8se de doctorat d\u00e9cembre 2020)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Les atomes interagissent&nbsp;<em>via<\/em>&nbsp;le champ \u00e9lectromagn\u00e9tique qui les entoure et il est possible de privil\u00e9gier certains modes de ce champ en pla\u00e7ant ces atomes \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 d\u2019une fibre optique. Ceci permet de distinguer les \u00e9changes directs entre les atomes et ceux qui ont lieu \u00e0 travers des modes du champ de la fibre. Le champ de la fibre peut \u00eatre dans l\u2019 \u00e9tat du vide ou dans un \u00e9tat cr\u00e9\u00e9 par un champ laser. Cela pourrait rendre d\u00e9tectable la pr\u00e9sence des atomes au voisinage de la fibre<em>&nbsp;via<\/em>&nbsp;la perturbation li\u00e9e \u00e0 ce champ laser.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"center\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":770,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img src=\"https:\/\/biblioconf.lpgp.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/8d9fb730-836f-4694-8e44-bad30cff2d0b.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-770\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Afin de faciliter l\u2019interpr\u00e9tation des exp\u00e9riences, il est pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable que les atomes \u00e9tudi\u00e9s soient hautement excit\u00e9s (des atomes de Rydberg), car tr\u00e8s r\u00e9actifs au champ \u00e9lectromagn\u00e9tique, et que ces atomes soient le plus immobiles possibles. Ainsi, des atomes froids sont plac\u00e9s \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 d\u2019une fibre dont le champ est tr\u00e8s exalt\u00e9 par exemple celui d\u2019une nanofibre. Suivant le sch\u00e9ma pr\u00e9c\u00e9demment d\u00e9crit, on a l\u2019\u00e9bauche d\u2019un syst\u00e8me permettant de stocker l\u2019information entre atomes de mani\u00e8re globale et modulable au travers de leur interaction avec une fibre ou avec plusieurs fibres qui peuvent \u00e9changer de l\u2019information via les atomes.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer -->\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">B - Atomes d\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne en interaction et paires ioniques<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>On a montr\u00e9 qu\u2019il \u00e9tait possible d\u2019obtenir des paires d\u2019atomes jumeaux chacun dans l\u2019\u00e9tat H(2S) par dissociation d\u2019une mol\u00e9cule d\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne. La dynamique pr\u00e9cise de la dissociation est tr\u00e8s d\u00e9licate \u00e0 suivre et \u00e0 contr\u00f4ler. Une approche compl\u00e9mentaire \u00e0 ce type de dynamique consiste \u00e0 suivre les collisions partir d\u2019\u00e9tats libres, c\u2019est \u00e0 dire des collisions entre atomes d\u2019un jet d\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne dont certains sont \u00e9lectriquement excit\u00e9s. En se concentrant sur l\u2019analyse des corr\u00e9lations entre les paires obtenues, on constate que ces paires peuvent \u00eatre neutres, partiellement excit\u00e9es ou bien des ions (e&nbsp;;g. H+ \/ H-), en fonction de l\u2019\u00e9tat d\u2019excitation \u00e9lectronique des deux partenaires de collision.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} -->\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Atomes jumeaux H(2S) + H(2S):<\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Les paires d\u2019atomes jumeaux chacun dans l\u2019\u00e9tat H(2S) obtenues par dissociation par impact \u00e9lectronique d\u2019une mol\u00e9cule d\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne peuvent \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme des paires de type EPR car l\u2019interaction entre les deux atomes est \u00e9crant\u00e9e \u00e0 grande distance. (Collaboration avec l\u2019\u00e9quipe de Ginette Jalbert au LACAM UFRJ Br\u00e9sil)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Sur la figure on montre comment on peut se repr\u00e9senter la fragmentation de H<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;par impact \u00e9lectronique en H(2S) + H(nL). Les d\u00e9tecteurs ne sont sensibles qu\u2019aux atomes dans l\u2019\u00e9tat H(2S) aux ions et aux photons FUV. Les spectres repr\u00e9sentent le nombre d\u2019\u00e9v\u00e8nements enregistr\u00e9s en fonction du temps de vol entre le centre de collision et l\u2019un des deux d\u00e9tecteurs.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer -->\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:media-text {\"mediaId\":771,\"mediaLink\":\"https:\/\/biblioconf.lpgp.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/wordpress\/?attachment_id=771\",\"mediaType\":\"image\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img src=\"https:\/\/biblioconf.lpgp.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/7d08d4d1-2650-4105-9aaf-1eba9cf7d486.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-771 size-full\"\/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"placeholder\":\"Contenu\u2026\"} -->\n<p><em>Axe des x&nbsp;: d\u00e9tecteur 1, axe des y&nbsp;: d\u00e9tecteur 2. Code couleur sur les spectres en densit\u00e9&nbsp;: bleu pas d\u2019\u00e9v\u00e8nements, jaune puis orange nombre d\u2019\u00e9v\u00e9nement croissant. Les spectres du haut repr\u00e9sentent (1) \u00e0 gauche, un signal synth\u00e9tis\u00e9 produit simple des deux spectres de temps de vol obtenus pour chaque d\u00e9tecteur ind\u00e9pendamment tous les \u00e9v\u00e8nements H(2S) + H(1S) ou H(2S) + H(2S) etc,. (2) au centre le signal lorsque les deux d\u00e9tecteurs fonctionnement de mani\u00e8re corr\u00e9l\u00e9e, c\u2019est le signal de co\u00efncidences correspondant uniquement aux \u00e9v\u00e8nements 1 mol\u00e9cule de H<sub>2&nbsp;<\/sub>donne deux atomes de H(2S).&nbsp; (3) \u00e0 droite un signal synth\u00e9tique obtenu en multipliant les deux spectres de temps de vol obtenus ind\u00e9pendamment en introduisant une condition de conservation artificielle de la vitesse du centre de masse du syst\u00e8me<\/em>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:media-text -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer -->\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Si les formes des deux derniers spectres paraissent comparables, on distingue sur la figure du bas que leur intensit\u00e9 ne l\u2019est pas car elle d\u00e9pend de l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 de d\u00e9tection sur chacun des d\u00e9tecteurs qui interviennent diff\u00e9remment dans le cas d\u2019une d\u00e9tection en r\u00e9gime corr\u00e9l\u00e9 ou en r\u00e9gime ind\u00e9pendant.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":772,\"width\":\"511px\",\"height\":\"auto\",\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img src=\"https:\/\/biblioconf.lpgp.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/9a8eb393-aa12-4dbe-a730-836f9260ce17.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-772\" style=\"width:511px;height:auto\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>En bleu&nbsp;: Spectre de temps de vol obtenu pour un seul d\u00e9tecteur On Indique les diff\u00e9rentes contributions possibles au signal enregistr\u00e9.<\/em><br><em>En orange&nbsp;: projection sur ce spectre du signal de co\u00efncidence obtenu avec les deux d\u00e9tecteurs corr\u00e9l\u00e9s. Les \u00e9chelles d\u2019intensit\u00e9 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 ajust\u00e9es pour d\u00e9terminer les largeurs et les temps de vol correspondant \u00e0 ce processus.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer -->\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} -->\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Paires Ioniques&nbsp;:<\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Un des int\u00e9r\u00eats de l\u2019\u00e9tude des paires ioniques (H<sup>+<\/sup>&nbsp;\/ H<sup>-<\/sup>) provient de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 de l\u2019interaction Coulombienne de se poursuivre sans \u00e9crantage jusqu\u2019\u00e0 l\u2019infini, ce qui fait que les fragments restent toujours en interaction. Ceci permet d\u2019\u00e9tudier des paires quantiquement corr\u00e9l\u00e9es en interaction (paires de Darwin). Notons que ceci les distingue clairement des paires neutres pour lesquelles la corr\u00e9lation quantique n\u2019est pas accompagn\u00e9e d\u2019une interaction \u00e0 longue port\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":773,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img src=\"https:\/\/biblioconf.lpgp.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/799f70c1-140d-4eec-8996-668ac9bfa995.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-773\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Molecular processes within a cold beam of hydrogen atoms with laser irradiation<\/em><br><em>Left to Right, Dissociation, Molecular Initial State: H<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;(<sup>a<\/sup>\u039b<sub>b<\/sub>&nbsp;)-&gt;H(n,l)+H(n\u2019,l\u2019)<\/em><br><em>Right to Left, Association,:Atomic Initial States&nbsp;&nbsp; H(n,l)+H(n\u2019,l\u2019) -&gt; H<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;(<sup>a<\/sup>\u039b<sub>b<\/sub>&nbsp;)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:media-text {\"mediaId\":774,\"mediaLink\":\"https:\/\/biblioconf.lpgp.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/wordpress\/?attachment_id=774\",\"mediaType\":\"image\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img src=\"https:\/\/biblioconf.lpgp.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/ba9d45c3-d709-4e93-a944-2a666a38a864.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-774 size-full\"\/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"placeholder\":\"Contenu\u2026\"} -->\n<p>Pour ces syst\u00e8mes ioniques, il est ais\u00e9 d\u2019agir avec un champ \u00e9lectrique ou magn\u00e9tique sur les ions r\u00e9sultants et donc d\u2019\u00e9tudier leur re-collision. Sur cet aspect, ces paires se rapprochent des paires ion-\u00e9lectron utilis\u00e9es pour la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019harmoniques d\u2019ordre \u00e9lev\u00e9es dans un champ laser intense. Le cas de la paire H<sup>+<\/sup>&nbsp;\/ H<sup>-<\/sup>&nbsp;a de plus la particularit\u00e9 d\u2019\u00eatre, tout au moins \u00e0 grande distance et au spin nucl\u00e9aire pr\u00e8s, \u00e9quivalent \u00e0 celui de deux particules sans structure et sans spin \u00e9lectronique, puisque le proton n\u2019a qu\u2019un spin nucl\u00e9aire et que pour l\u2019anion hydrog\u00e8ne le spin nucl\u00e9aire est port\u00e9 par le proton et que ses deux \u00e9lectrons se trouvent dans un seul \u00e9tat \u00e9lectronique stable de sym\u00e9trie S.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:media-text -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>Processus Mol\u00e9culaires entre atomes d\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne, formation de paires d\u2019ions par collision&nbsp;:&nbsp;<\/em><em>H(n=2,3,4;l)+H(1s) -&gt; H<sup>+&nbsp;<\/sup>+H<sup>-<\/sup>.<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>Figure de gauche, en haut&nbsp;: courbes de potentiel adiabatiques, en bas&nbsp;: courbes de potentiel des \u00e9tats excit\u00e9s seuls et surimposition de la courbe d\u2019interaction ionique et des croisements avec les courbes adiabatiques.<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer -->\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Exp\u00e9rimentalement on se propose d\u2019utiliser un jet d\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne atomique dense et aussi froid que possible. Les atomes d\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne sont produits par d\u00e9charge radiofr\u00e9quence ou micro-ondes puis le gaz r\u00e9sultat est refroidi par cryog\u00e9nie. Sous l\u2019effet d\u2019un ou plusieurs lasers les atomes d\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne sont port\u00e9s dans les premiers \u00e9tats \u00e9lectroniques. Pour une excitation directe \u00e0 1 photon, il faut disposer de lasers pouvant produire du rayonnement Lyman (alpha ou b\u00eata) accordables et de faible largeur spectrale. Le verrou principal est celui de l\u2019obtention de rayonnement Lyman alpha (121 nm) suffisamment intense sinon en r\u00e9gime continu, au moins en r\u00e9gime impulsions longues. Quelle que soit le d\u00e9tail de la m\u00e9thode employ\u00e9e, un dispositif de m\u00e9lange de fr\u00e9quence performant est n\u00e9cessaire.&nbsp;La stabilisation des lasers sera r\u00e9alis\u00e9e par peignes optiques (CEPR COMB-IdF et r\u00e9seau <a href=\"https:\/\/www.refimeve.fr\/index.php\/fr\/\">REFIMEVE<\/a>)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Nous \u00e9tudions la possibilit\u00e9 de r\u00e9aliser \u00e0 l\u2019aide d\u2019un plasma cr\u00e9\u00e9 dans un capillaire creux rempli de gaz (hydrog\u00e8ne) soit pour obtenir des jets d\u2019atomes (ions) soit pour g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des harmoniques \u00e0 Lyman alpha.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"50px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group 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